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1.
Clinics ; 71(10): 593-599, Oct. 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-796865

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between self-reported maternal near miss and adverse nutritional status in children under one year of age. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of a study in which women who took their children under one year of age to the national vaccine campaign were interviewed. The self-reported condition of maternal near miss used the criteria of Intensive Care Unit admission; eclampsia; blood transfusion and hysterectomy; and their potential associations with any type of nutritional disorder in children, including deficits in weight-for-age, deficits in height-for-age, obesity and breastfeeding. The rates of near miss for the country, regions and states were initially estimated. The relative risks of infant adverse nutritional status according to near miss and maternal/childbirth characteristics were estimated with their 95% CIs using bivariate and multiple analyses. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of near miss was 2.9% and was slightly higher for the Legal Amazon than for other regions. No significant associations were found with nutritional disorders in children. Only a 12% decrease in overall maternal breastfeeding was associated with near miss. Living in the countryside and child over 6 months of age increased the risk of altered nutritional status by approximately 15%, while female child gender decreased this risk by 30%. Maternal near miss was not associated with an increased risk of any alteration in infant nutritional status. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between maternal near miss and altered nutritional status in children up to one year of age. The risk of infant adverse nutritional status was greater in women living in the countryside, for children over 6 months of age and for male gender.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Nutrição do Lactente/etiologia , Saúde Materna/estatística & dados numéricos , Near Miss/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos
2.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 48(2): 246-256, Mayo 6, 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-784979

RESUMO

Los Biobancos con fines de Investigación están aumentando en número e importancia, con un gran potencial que contribuye a la generación de conocimiento pertinente para la solución de problemas en salud. El reclutamiento de donantes es vital para su éxito. Sin embargo, este proceso tiene implicaciones importantes de carácter ético, legal y social. El consentimiento informado requerido para la participación del donante impone desafíos éticos importantes en torno a la privacidad, confidencialidad, uso secundario de muestras y datos para estudios futuros, retorno de resultados, intercambio de datos, distribución de beneficios entre otras. Diferentes modelos de consentimiento informado han sido propuestos para responder a algunos de estos retos éticos . Sin embargo, no se ha llegado a un acuerdo, por lo tanto la discusión continúa abierta. Este trabajo pretende contribuir con la discusión, considerando fundamental el significado y el valor del proceso de consentimiento informado para la participación en investigación biomédica. Se discuten los diferentes tipos de consentimiento que se están utilizando actualmente evaluando el nivel de control y autodeterminación por parte del donante.


Biobanks with Research purposes are increasing in number and importance, with great potential that contributes to the generation of knowledge relevant to solving health problems. For the Biobanks to be successful, donor recruitment is essential. However, this process has important ethical, legal and social implications. Informed consent required for the participation of the donor imposes significant ethical challenges about privacy, confidentiality, secondary use of samples and data for future studies, return of results, data exchange, and distribution of the benefits among others. Different templates of informed consent have been proposed to address some of these ethical challenges. However, an agreement has not been reached, and the discussion remains open. This work aims to contribute to the discussion, considering the meaning and value of the informed consent process for participation in biomedical research, and examines the different types of consents currently used evaluating the level of control and self-determination displayed by the donor.


Assuntos
Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Ética , Bibliotecas Médicas
3.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 48(1): 97-117, Febrero 16, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-779697

RESUMO

La investigación biomédica enfocada a la preservación de la salud y manejo de la enfermedad requiere hoy del trabajo articulado bidireccional entre básicos y clínicos, lo cual ha generado una nueva tendencia, denominada investigación traslacional. Este tipo de investigación se fundamenta en poder brindar una atención en salud oportuna, pertinente, eficaz y personalizada, para lo cual se requieren muestras biológicas e información clínica asociada, garantizando a su vez seguridad, calidad y confidencialidad para los donantes. Promover la investigación traslacional y la aplicación de los avances del conocimiento y de la tecnología derivados de la investigación y la innovación, requiere del apoyo de infraestructuras de fácil acceso que faciliten la rápida demostración experimental de una hipótesis o la comprobación de un modelo simulado previamente. Dentro de las diversas plataformas biomédicas y de salud existentes, los Biobancos, en sus diferentes modalidades, se constituyen en una de las más atractivas plataformas a la hora de contribuir a establecer puentes entre la investigación básica y clínica, con la práctica asistencial. La necesidad de contar con muestras biológicas humanas de alta calidad y, al mismo tiempo, la obligación de preservar los derechos de los donantes, ha elevado la gestión de los Biobancos a la categoría de disciplina científico-técnica, con una complejidad particular que involucra múltiples aspectos entre los cuales se incluyen aspectos científicos, técnicos, éticos, jurídicos y sociales. Esta serie de artículos, que serán publicados en los diferentes números de la revista durante el 2016, tienen como objetivo hacer una revisión crítica de los aspectos más relevantes en torno a la gestión de los Biobancos con fines de investigación y proponer una serie de guías de manejo del material biológico humano a conservar las cuales se han desarrollado en el marco del Programa Cardiecol.


Biomedical research aimed at the preservation of health and disease management requires nowadays a bidirectional and articulated collaboration between basic and clinical work, which has generated a new trend called translational research. This type of research is based on the ability to provide timely, relevant, effective and personalized healthcare, for which biological samples, and associated clinical information are required, while ensuring safety, quality and confidentiality for donors. In order to promote translational research and the application of the advances in knowledge and technology from research and innovation, the support of accessible infrastructure is required to facilitate the rapid experimental demonstration of an hypothesis or testing a previously simulated model. Among the diverse biomedical and healthcare existing platforms, the Biobanks, in their various forms constitute one of the most attractive platforms contributing to establish bridges between the basic and clinical research with the clinical practice. The need for human biological samples of high quality, and at the same time, the obligation to preserve the rights of donors, has raised the Biobanks' management to the scientific and technical category, with the added particular complexity of involving multiple aspects including scientific, ethical, legal, and social factors. This series of articles that will be published in different issues of the magazine in 2016, aims to make a critical review of the most relevant aspects regarding the management of Biobanks for research, and to propose a series of guidelines for the management of human biological material as developed by the program Cardiecol.


Assuntos
Humanos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , Ciência Translacional Biomédica , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Pesquisa Translacional Biomédica
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 37(4/5): 232-238, abr.-may. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-752648

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of pregnancy complications identified as maternal near miss (MNM) and associated factors among women using the public health care system in the Amazon and Northeast regions of Brazil. METHODS: A secondary analysis of a population-based survey conducted in 2010 was performed focusing on women self-reporting maternal complications. The main outcome was MNM, pragmatically defined as intensive care unit admission, eclampsia, hysterectomy, or blood transfusion. In addition, the risk of MNM was estimated for certain sociodemographics and characteristics of care received. Poisson regression was performed, generating adjusted prevalence ratios (PRadj) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: A total of 13 044 women (77%) who had given birth during the prior year using the public health system were interviewed. At least one complication was reported by 37.5%, with hemorrhage (28.4%) and infection (8.3%) being the most frequent. The overall MNM ratio was 31.5 per 1 000 live births, higher for the Amazon region than for the Northeast. Factors with a higher risk for developing MNM were: indigenous ethnicity (PRadj 2.77; 95% CI: 1.50-5.14), more than one hour to reach the hospital (PRadj 1.55; 95%CI: 1.06-2.25), being refused by a full hospital and having to find another one (PRadj 1.49; 95%CI: 1.03-2.16), cesarean section (PRadj 2.56; 95%CI: 1.90-3.44), and public prenatal care (PRadj 1.95; 95%CI: 1.06-3.61). CONCLUSIONS: Users of public health system in the Amazon and Northeast regions of Brazil have high MNM rates. Some characteristics of the women and of the care they received represent inequalities associated with higher risk for MNM. Specific actions are required to improve maternal health programs in these expansive areas of the country.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de las complicaciones del embarazo establecidas como morbilidad materna extremadamente grave (MMEG), y los factores asociados, entre las usuarias del sistema de atención de salud pública en las zonas amazónica y noreste del Brasil. MÉTODOS:Se realizó un análisis secundario de una encuesta poblacional llevada a cabo en el 2010 y centrado en las mujeres que autonotificaban complicaciones obstétricas. El principal resultado fue la MMEG, definida a efectos prácticos como ingreso en una unidad de cuidados intensivos, eclampsia, histerectomía o transfusión de sangre. Se calculó además el riesgo de MMEG para determinadas características sociodemográficas y de la atención recibida. Se llevó a cabo una regresión de Poisson y se generaron las razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa) con intervalos de confianza de 95% (IC 95%). RESULTADOS:Se entrevistó a un total de 13 044 mujeres (77%) que habían dado a luz durante el año previo en el sistema de salud pública. Un 37,5% notificó como mínimo una complicación; la hemorragia (28,4%) y la infección (8,3%) fueron las más frecuentes. El índice general de MMEG fue de 31,5 por 1 000 nacidos vivos, más elevado en la región amazónica que en la noreste. Los factores que comportaron un riesgo mayor de MMEG fueron la etnicidad autóctona (RPa 2,77; IC 95% = 1,50-5,14), precisar más de una hora para llegar al hospital (RPa 1,55; IC 95% = 1,06-2,25), no ser admitida en un hospital por estar completo y tener que encontrar otro (RPa 1,49; IC 95% = 1,03-2,16), la cesárea (RPa 2,56; IC 95% = 1,90-3,44), y la asistencia prenatal pública (RPa 1,95; IC 95% = 1,06-3,61). CONCLUSIONES: Las usuarias del sistema de salud pública en las regiones amazónica y noreste del Brasil muestran tasas elevadas de morbilidad materna extremadamente grave. Algunas características de las mujeres y de la atención recibida comportan desigualdades asociadas con un riesgo mayor de morbilidad materna extremadamente grave. Se requieren acciones específicas que mejoren los programas de salud materna en estas amplias zonas del país.


Assuntos
Mortalidade Materna , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Saúde Materna , Brasil
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